The 9 Principles of Design are: Contrast, Emphasis, Movement, Repetition, Proportion, Rhythm, Balance, Unity, and Variety.Ĭontrast: Contrast is showing large differences between objects or elements in an artwork and it can be created using size, value, texture, color and more. Let’s learn about the 9 Principles of Design and How to Teach them. The Principles of Art and Design are essential for your students to know and learn how to use in order to make effective, cohesive artworks that stand out and feel right to their audience. The Principles of Design are used in Visual Art, in Industrial Design, Graphic Design, Photography, Sculpture, Fashion, and more. The Principles of Design are the foundations of creating a strong, cohesive artwork and are the means of how artists arrange the Elements of Art in their compositions. What are the 9 Principles of Design and How do I Teach them? Let’s dive in and learn about the 9 Principles of Design, Which You Should Teach First, and How to Teach them. Physical beauty in humans (or anything else) is largely based on proportion.Įmphasis: Directing the audience’s attention to a specific place.You might be asking, What are the 9 Principles of Art and Design and How Do I Teach Them? The 9 Principles of Design Are: Contrast, Emphasis, Movement, Repetition, Proportion, Rhythm, Balance, Unity, and Variety and they are the foundations of creating art and are the rules for how Artists arrange elements or the Elements of Art to create an Artwork. Proportion: The harmonious relationship (in terms of size) of the parts to each other and to the whole. Symmetrical Balance: “mirror image”, as in the first example, below.Īsymmetrical Balance: occurs when the composition is balanced in terms of weight and emphasis without one half’s being a mirror image of the other half, as in the second example, below. This is an example of “variation”.īalance: The arrangement of the design elements to bring a sense of restfulness, stability, or equilibrium to the design. In the above image, the ducks are similar - they’re identical in size and shape - but whereas three of them are red and facing Stage Left, one is blue and facing Stage Right.Ĭompare this to the graphic below, in which all the ducks share the same basic qualities (they’re facing the same direction and are the same color), but the fourth one is a radically different element - this duck is flying, while all of the ducks we’ve seen so far have been swimming. “ Contrast” is a difference in one or more qualities between similar elements. So what’s the difference between “contrast” and “variation”? Variation: Too much uninterrupted harmony is monotonous. They’re still all ducks and still the same shape and size, so we’re still achieving unity, but the colors clash - they are not harmonious. It may not be very interesting, but that’s due to a lack of variety and contrast, which are concepts that we’ll discuss below. The icons are all ducks and they are all the same shape and color. Harmony, on the other hand, is defined by how those same elements relate to each other.įor example, lets assume that we are doing a show about ducks: It is defined by how those elements relate to the production as a whole. What is the difference between “Unity” and “Harmony”? Unity is achieved when each element of a design fits in with the overall concept of the production. Note that for some productions, disharmony is appropriate. Harmony: The sense of blending and unity obtained when all elements of a design fit together to create an orderly, congruous whole. Ideally, this concept will be rooted in the overall production concept otherwise, the principle of “unity” is violated. Note that while there may be an overall concept for the production, each designer will establish a concept for his or her own design discipline. Unity: The creation of a stylistic plan or concept to which all elements of the production or design conform. In art, there is always the danger of becoming overly academic and strangling the creativity with theory nevertheless, if your design is not working the way you wanted, a good first step would be to consider whether or not you have complied with these principles and, if not, if that might be the problem. These should be applied with flexibility. Unlike the functions of stage lighting, which outline the specific goals which lighting design must fulfill, the principles of composition are general guidelines which apply to all art forms, including writing, acting, painting…and, of course, lighting design.
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